Papaya California is actually the development of specialist plants in Indonesia. This type of papaya was developed to experts in the IPB. California papaya seeded because it is distinctive, tender meat and the size of the more interesting (unique) than other types of papaya. Another advantage is that the fruit flavors and durability. Reddish flesh, sweet taste fresh and soft texture so well liked.
Growing Conditions
Papaya plants can grow in the lowlands to a height of 1,000 m asl. These plants prefer to grow in a location that a lot of rain (enough available water), rainfall 1000-2000 mm per year and evenly throughout the year. In dry climates, rain season 2-5 months, 6-8 months and seasons kemaraunya, papaya plants are still able to bear fruit, as long as the water depth of 50-150 cm soil. Fertile soil with good porosity, containing lime, pH 6-7 and were the most coveted of papaya plants. Papaya plants prefer open areas (not shaded) and not waterlogged. Not well drained soil causes the roots of plants susceptible to disease.
Cultivation
Propagation of plants: Papaya is propagated by seeds only in black. White seeds are discarded because of abortion, which does not have died since the embryo and fruit valve. Seeds taken from fruits that have matured perfect papaya tree. To produce perfect plants as much then that will be bred seeds taken from the tip of the papaya fruit that has matured trees. The seeds of the end of a perfect crop of fruit will produce between 70-80%, whereas the base of the plant produces between 50-65% perfect. Seed was sown or planted directly. Papaya cultivation of plants grown from seed selected. Seeds sown in small polybags and are planted in the garden after the age of three months. Selection done when the plants start flowering. In this selection the selected plants that flower only perfect. This selection can be done in the garden or while on the pot. Planting holes are made size 60 cm x 60 cm x 40 cm, then filled with manure that has matured as much as 20 kg / hole. Spacing is made of 3 m x 3 m or 13.5 m x 2 m. Generally, the plants start flowering after the age of three months. Perfect flowers appear after the flowers to-4. Another common way of planting farmer is planting papaya seeds directly into the planting hole, each hole is planted 3-5 seeds. After about three months old seedlings, usually male flowers begin to grow. After that, the selection, ie discard male flowering plants. Each hole left from one seed to grow stout, healthy, and perfect bloom. Flowers perfect (in a flower pistil and stamens are fertill)-usually only appear after the flowers to-4. Seeds that are not selected discarded or moved to another hole embroidery on the seeds do not grow. Transfer of seedlings should be careful, with the land that surrounds the roots of seedlings. Seedling root damage resulting in plant wilting / dying.
Maintenance
Artificial fertilizers are given in the form of NPK as much as 25-200 g per plant, depending on its age: The dose ranging from 25 g of fertilization, then increased at intervals of 25 g per plant. Fertilizer is given 3-4 months. Plants begin to bloom continuously (not seasonal), but the need of water at least once a week when the drought (dry season). Further treatment, clean the weeds / reeds. Cleaning the garden with a hoe or tractor must be careful not to damage the roots.
Giving the first TGHProvision of TGH, 3 days before planting, spray the solution of TGH in the hole that has been given manure. This stage takes 2 liters TGH 200liter mixed with water to measure 1 hectare. Can be given at least 1 day of administration manure (TGH is more effective than previous versions!).
Giving a second TGHAt age 10 days, spray the solution on row crops TGH. At this stage takes one liter of TGH with 100 liters of water.
The third provision of TGHAt age 20 days, spray a solution of TGH on land (around the base of the stem). At this stage takes one liter of TGH with 100 liters of water.
The fourth provision of TGH
At age 30 days, spray the solution on the land TGH / around the base of the stem. At this stage takes one liter of TGH with 100 liters of water.
At a later stage to give fertilizer TGH 1 time 2 months. If time is concurrent with the provision of chemical fertilizers, give a distance of approximately 1 day after using the fertilizer TGH.
Pests and DiseasesPests which frequently attacks the papaya crop in the dry season is the red mite Tetranychus kansawai and yellow-colored aphids Myzus persicae. Aphids which is the vector and virus spreaders curly (mosaic) papaya farmers who feared because difficult to eradicate. Diseases that attack crops in humid conditions and cool night temperatures are spotting of fruit Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and root rot disease Phytophthora palmivora. In addition, another disease that often attacks the papaya plant is papayae bacterial wilt bacterium. Plants are attacked by bacterial wilt will show symptoms of wilt suddenly, without marked by yellowing of leaves. The fruit is still young, pale and watery sap sekaii. Typically, young fruit fall. Root rot and wilt disease can be prevented with good drainage garden. Pests red mites and aphids can be overcome by spraying 0.2% Kelthane.
Harvest and Post HarvestPapaya fruit harvested at mature stage approached the tree, ie, after the fruit shows yellowing lines.
Benefits of Papaya
In addition to the consumption of fresh fruit, ripe papaya fruit can be processed into papaya sauce. Half-ripe fruit is usually made sweets, while the young fruit disayur. The young leaves and flowers made ointment (cooked salad) and knapsack. Plants that still leaves 3-5 strands and young fruit can be taken sap to papain. However, the stems can not be used for building materials. Papain is used for tanning leather and soften the meat and cosmetic ingredients
sumber : http://indonesiaberkebun.org/news/2011/11/11/120/panen_pepaya_california_organik.html
Tidak ada komentar:
Posting Komentar